Breast Cancer: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & 15 Years of Clinical Insights

By Dr. Chetna Jain

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers affecting women worldwide—and its incidence in India has been steadily rising, particularly in urban areas.

In my 15 years of clinical practice, I have seen fear, confusion, late diagnoses, and also incredible strength and survival. The most important message I want every woman to remember is this:

Early detection saves lives. Awareness reduces fear. Timely treatment brings hope.

This blog aims to explain breast cancer in detail—its causes, warning signs, treatment options, and my personal insights from years of practice.

Understanding Breast Cancer

Breast cancer occurs when cells in the breast grow abnormally and multiply uncontrollably. These cells may form a lump (tumor) and can sometimes spread to nearby lymph nodes or other parts of the body if not treated early.

Breast cancer is not a single disease—it has different types and stages, each requiring a tailored treatment approach.

Causes & Risk Factors of Breast Cancer

There is no single cause. Instead, several factors increase risk:

1️⃣ Age

Risk increases after 40, but younger women are not immune.

2️⃣ Family History & Genetics

Women with a family history (mother, sister, close relative) may carry higher risk, especially with BRCA gene mutations.

3️⃣ Hormonal Factors

• Early onset of menstruation

• Late menopause

• Delayed first pregnancy

• Not breastfeeding

• Long-term hormone therapy

4️⃣ Lifestyle Factors

• Obesity

• Sedentary lifestyle

• High-fat diet

• Alcohol consumption

• Smoking

5️⃣ Environmental Exposure

Urban pollution and prolonged exposure to certain chemicals may contribute indirectly.

However, it’s important to understand: Many women diagnosed with breast cancer have no clear risk factors.

Common Symptoms of Breast Cancer

Early breast cancer often causes no pain. That’s why screening is critical.

Be aware of:

✔ A lump in the breast or underarm

✔ Thickening or swelling of part of the breast

✔ Change in breast size or shape

✔ Skin dimpling (orange peel texture)

✔ Nipple discharge (especially bloody)

✔ Nipple inversion

✔ Redness or flaky skin around nipple

Any persistent change should be evaluated promptly.

Screening & Early Detection

After 40 years of age, routine screening becomes crucial.

Recommended:

• Monthly self-breast examination

• Clinical breast exam by a doctor

• Mammography (as advised based on age and risk)

In my practice, the women who come for regular screening often detect issues at Stage 1—where treatment outcomes are significantly better.

Treatment Options

Treatment depends on the stage, type, and spread of cancer.

🔹 Surgery

Removal of tumor (lumpectomy) or entire breast (mastectomy), depending on case.

🔹 Chemotherapy

Medication to destroy cancer cells.

🔹 Radiation Therapy

Targets remaining cancer cells after surgery.

🔹 Hormone Therapy

Used if cancer is hormone-receptor positive.

🔹 Targeted Therapy

Advanced treatment that attacks specific cancer cell proteins.

Today, treatment is far more advanced than it was 10–15 years ago. Survival rates have improved significantly with early detection.

My 15 Years of Clinical Insights

After treating and guiding women for over 15 years, here are the most important lessons I’ve learned:

1️⃣ Fear Delays Diagnosis

Many women ignore lumps for months out of fear. Fear does not prevent cancer—early consultation does.

2️⃣ Pain Is Not Always Present

Most early breast cancers are painless. Waiting for pain is dangerous.

3️⃣ Younger Women Are Increasingly Affected

Urban lifestyle, stress, delayed pregnancies, and hormonal shifts are contributing factors.

4️⃣ Family Support Changes Outcomes

Women with emotional support cope better with treatment and recovery.

5️⃣ Awareness Is Powerful

Patients who understand their diagnosis handle treatment with more clarity and less anxiety.

Can Breast Cancer Be Prevented?

There is no guaranteed prevention, but risk can be reduced by:

✔ Maintaining healthy weight

✔ Regular exercise

✔ Breastfeeding when possible

✔ Limiting alcohol

✔ Routine screening

✔ Managing hormonal treatments under supervision

Lifestyle matters more than many realize.

A Message to Women

If you are reading this, please remember:

• A lump does not always mean cancer—but it must be checked.

• Early-stage breast cancer is highly treatable.

• Screening is strength, not paranoia.

• Your health deserves priority.

I have seen women who came in late and regretted delay.

I have also seen women who came early and returned to their families healthy and strong.

The difference was time.

Final Thought

Breast cancer awareness is not about creating fear—it’s about creating vigilance.

As a gynecologist, my mission is not just to treat—but to educate, reassure, and empower women to take control of their health.

Your body gives you signals.

Listen early.

Act early.

Live fully.