What Does an Emergency Pill Do to a Young Girl’s Body?

By Dr. Chetna Jain – Senior Gynecologist, Gurgaon

Emergency contraceptive pills (often called “morning-after pills”) have become one of the most commonly used forms of contraception in India, especially among young women. While these pills are effective in preventing pregnancy after unprotected sex, many girls and young women are unaware of how they actually work, their possible side effects, and the risks of frequent use.

As a practicing gynecologist in Gurgaon,

I, Dr. Chetna Jain, meet many young women with doubts, anxieties, and even misconceptions about emergency pills. This blog explains what happens in the body when one takes an emergency contraceptive pill, and what young women should keep in mind before using them.

How Do Emergency Pills Work?

Most emergency contraceptive pills available in India contain levonorgestrel, a synthetic hormone. When taken within 72 hours of unprotected intercourse, this hormone works in the following ways:

1. Delays Ovulation – prevents or delays the release of an egg from the ovary.

2. Prevents Fertilization – thickens cervical mucus, making it difficult for sperm to reach the egg.

3. Prevents Implantation – alters the uterine lining, so a fertilized egg cannot attach.

➡️ Important note: Emergency pills do not terminate an existing pregnancy. They only help prevent pregnancy before it begins.

Immediate Effects on the Body

Every young woman’s body reacts differently, but some common short-term effects include:

• Irregular bleeding or spotting

• Nausea or vomiting

• Breast tenderness

• Headaches or dizziness

• Fatigue or mild abdominal discomfort

These effects are usually temporary. If vomiting occurs within two hours of taking the pill, another dose may be needed.

Impact on the Menstrual Cycle

One of the most common concerns I hear as a gynecologist in Gurgaon is: “Will this affect my periods?”

• Your next period may come earlier or later than expected.

• Flow may be heavier or lighter than usual.

• Cycles typically return to normal within 1–2 months.

• Repeated use of emergency pills can lead to hormonal imbalance and cycle irregularities.

Long-Term Considerations for Young Girls

Occasional use of emergency pills is safe, but frequent use is not recommended. Risks of overuse include:

• Hormonal disturbances affecting menstrual regularity

• Reduced effectiveness if used repeatedly in the same cycle

• Stress and anxiety while waiting for delayed periods

For young women who are sexually active, it is much safer to discuss and choose a regular contraceptive method (such as condoms, oral contraceptives, or long-term options) with a trusted gynecologist.

My Advice as a Gynecologist

As Dr. Chetna Jain, here is my guidance for young girls and women considering emergency pills:

• Use only in true emergencies – not as routine contraception.

• Don’t panic if your period is delayed by a few days, but take a pregnancy test if it’s more than a week late.

• Consult a doctor if you experience severe abdominal pain, heavy bleeding, or persistent irregular cycles.

• Plan ahead – if you’re sexually active, speak with a gynecologist about safe, reliable contraceptive options suited to your health and lifestyle.

Final Thoughts

Emergency pills are a safe and effective backup option, but they are not a substitute for regular contraception. Understanding how they affect the body helps young women make informed choices.

As a gynecologist practicing in Gurgaon, I, Dr. Chetna Jain, encourage young women not to feel embarrassed about discussing sexual and reproductive health. Knowledge and guidance from a medical professional can help you protect your health, avoid unnecessary stress, and make confident, responsible decisions.

Your health matters — and so does your peace of mind.