Answering Your Period-Cycle Questions by Dr Chetna Jain

bhargavi mishra
2 days ago
4 min read

1. “Is my period cycle normal?”

Every woman wonders this at some point, and the short answer is: “It depends.” A ‘normal’ cycle is more a range than a specific number. Typically:

A cycle length between 21–35 days is considered acceptable for many women.
The bleed (menstruation) often lasts 2–7 days.
Flow intensity, colour, and texture vary among individuals.

Here’s how I explain it in my clinic:

If your cycle falls regularly within 21–35 days, and you’re more or less consistent (for example: you get your period every 28–30 days, plus/minus a few), that’s usually a good sign.
If your bleed begins and ends within 2–7 days and the pattern stays fairly stable month to month, that is also typically fine.
However, “normal” does not mean “perfect” or “identical month to month.” Hormonal fluctuations, stress, nutrition, illnesses, travel, and lifestyle changes all influence your cycle.

When to seek my advice:

Cycle length drops below 21 days or goes beyond 35 days repeatedly.
The bleeding lasts more than 7 days or less than 2 days.
The cycle becomes very inconsistent (for example: one month 21 days, next 50 days).
You notice new symptoms like heavy flow (soaking pads hourly), very light flow, very painful periods, or very irregular patterns.

In short: normal is what’s typical for you, provided there are no alarming features. If your cycle deviates significantly from your usual pattern, a consultation is wise.

2. “Why is my period delayed even if my pregnancy test is negative?”

Many women ask this: the home pregnancy test is negative, yet the period hasn’t arrived. Why? Here are the common reasons I explain in my practice:

Stress & lifestyle changes: High stress (work-pressure, change in job, family issues) can impact the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary axis. This may delay ovulation and thus delay your period.
Illness or sudden weight change: A recent fever, infection, major travel, heavy workouts, rapid weight loss or gain—even changes in diet—can shift your cycle.
Hormonal imbalances: Conditions like Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) or thyroid dysfunction (hypo- or hyperthyroidism) frequently lead to delayed or missed periods.
Perimenopause or early menopausal changes: Especially if you’re over 40, the period may get delayed more often as ovarian reserve changes.
Medication or contraceptives: Starting/stopping hormonal contraceptives or certain medications can shift your cycle.
False-negative pregnancy test or late implantation: Although less common, if you test too early or implantation is delayed, the test may show negative while early pregnancy is happening.

What I do as your gynaecologist:

I review your detailed cycle history—when was your last period, how long is your usual cycle, any recent changes.
I ask about lifestyle: stress, exercise, sleep, diet, weight changes.
I check for symptoms of thyroid problems, PCOS or other endocrine issues.
If needed, I order blood tests (pregnancy hCG, thyroid profile, prolactin, ovarian hormones) and possibly an ultrasound.

When to see a doctor immediately:

If you have a very heavy bleed after the delay.
If you have pain, fever, unusual discharge, or foul smell (might indicate infection).
If your period is delayed for more than a few months without any obvious reason.
If you suspect pregnancy (even if test negative) and have symptoms like nausea, breast changes, or pelvic pain.

In many cases, a simple change in lifestyle (stress reduction, regular sleep, balanced diet) and monitoring is enough—however, persistent delays merit professional evaluation.

3. “How much period pain is considered normal?”

Period pain (dysmenorrhoea) is one of the most common concerns I see. Pain is a normal part of menstruation for many, but it should not dominate your life. Here’s how I help my patients understand:

What is “normal” pain?

Mild to moderate cramping in the lower abdomen/back for a day or two from the start of your bleed can be considered within the usual range.
Over-the-counter pain relief (NSAIDs), rest, and light activity often ease the discomfort sufficiently.

When pain becomes concerning:

If you require regular, strong painkillers (more than once daily) to function.
If pain keeps you from your usual work/school duties for a day or more each month.
If you have associated symptoms: heavy bleeding, clots (larger than coin size), nausea/vomiting, fainting, pain during intercourse, or spotting outside periods.
If the pain begins suddenly or worsens significantly compared to previous cycles.

Possible causes I evaluate:

Primary dysmenorrhoea: common, where the uterus contracts strongly, but no underlying disease.
Secondary dysmenorrhoea: due to conditions like Endometriosis, fibroids, adenomyosis, pelvic infections, or congenital uterine anomalies.
Other contributing factors: heavy flow, large fibroids, pelvic inflammatory disease, etc.

How I manage it:

I start with lifestyle advice: regular gentle exercise (yoga, walking), heat therapy (hot water bottle), proper hydration, balanced diet (iron-rich foods if bleed is heavy), and stress management.
I recommend NSAIDs early in the bleed (as soon as pain starts) for primary dysmenorrhoea.
If pain persists despite standard treatment, I order ultrasound and further tests to rule out secondary causes.

Bottom line: A little pain with your period is okay. But if it’s interfering with your life, or changing in pattern or intensity, it’s time to consult. You don’t have to suffer in silence.

❗ Final Word

As your gynecologist in Gurgaon, I urge you: don’t ignore your body’s messages. Your menstrual cycle is a window into your overall health. If anything—be it an irregular cycle, a delayed period, or uncomfortable pain—feels “off,” let’s talk. Early evaluation, open discussion, and timely care make all the difference.

If you’re in the Gurgaon region and want to discuss your cycle or any related concern, feel free to book a consultation at my clinic. Your health, your comfort, your clarity—that’s the care I bring.